After Halotron is used to extinguish a lithium battery fire, the device must be cooled using what?

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Cooling after extinguishing a lithium battery fire is essential because the cells can retain heat and continue to undergo thermal runaway even after the flames are out. Halotron stops the fire by displacing oxygen and absorbing heat, but it doesn’t remove all the heat from the battery interior. Water is the best way to cool because it has a very high heat capacity and a large amount of energy absorption as it heats and converts to steam. This rapid heat removal helps bring the battery temperature down quickly, reducing the risk of reignition and further damage. Foam can help suppress flames but doesn’t remove heat as effectively, sand isn’t practical for cooling large heat loads, and air provides negligible cooling. Water thus offers the most reliable cooling effect in this scenario.